Magazyn 2025/2 (9)

6–9 | Dr Iwona Poziomkowska-Gęsicka: Testy skórne w alergologii – dlaczego, kiedy i jak?

[1] Ansotegui I.J. et al., IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy (2020). A World Allergy Organization position paper World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(2), 100080.
[2] Bansie R.D. et al., Assessment of immediate and non-immediate hypersensitivity contrast reactions by skin tests and provocation tests: A review (2021). International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 35, 20587384211015061.
[3] Barbaud A. et al., Intradermal Tests With Drugs: An Approach to Standardization (2020). Frontiers in Medicine, 15(7), 156.
[4] Bergmann K.C., Milestones in the 20th century (2014). Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 100, 27–45.
[5] Brockow K., Diagnosing and Managing Patients with Reactions to Radiocontrast Media (2021). Current Treatment Options in Allergy, 8, 210–221.
[6] Brockow K. et al., Guideline for allergological diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: S2k Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) in cooperation with the German Dermatological Society (DDG), the Association of German Allergologists (ÄDA), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology (GPA), the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG), the German Society for Pneumology (DGP), the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Austrian Society of Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI), the Austrian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (ÖGDV), the German Academy of Allergology and Environmental Medicine (DAAU), and the German Documentation Center for Severe Skin Reactions (dZh) (2023). Allergologie Select, 9(7), 122–139.
[7] Broyles A.D. i wsp., Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity (2020). Online: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
[8] Broyles A.D. et al., Practical Guidance for the Evaluation and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity: Specific Drugs (2020). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(9), 16–116.
[9] Heinzerling L. et al., The skin prick test – European standards (2013). Clinical and Translational Allergy, 3(1), 3.
[10] Khan D.A. et al., Drug allergy: A 2022 practice parameter update (2022). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 150(6), 1333–1393.
[11] Kowalski M.L. et al., Risk and safety requirements for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergology: World Allergy Organization Statement (2016). World Allergy Organization Journal, 9(1), 33. Erratum in: World Allergy Organization Journal (2017), 10(1), 6.
[12] Pfützner W., Brockow K., Perioperative drug reactions – practical recommendations for allergy testing and patient management (2018). Allergo Journal International, 27(4), 126–129.
[13] Przeglądy: StatPearls, World Allergy Organization i praktyczne dokumenty AAAAI/EAACI/ASCIA dotyczące bezpieczeństwa i procedur testów skórnych.
[14] Torres M.J., Böhm I., Trautmann A., Practice parameters for diagnosing and managing iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity (EAACI position paper) (2021). Allergy, 76(5), 1325–1339.

10–13 | Prof. Marta Rachel, lek. Iwona Mazur-Pietrzak: Dowód ostateczny. Próba prowokacji

[1] Santos A., et al., EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy (2025). Allergy, 80(1), 14–36.
[2] Sampson H.A. et al., AAAAI–EAACI PRACTALL: Standardizing oral food challenges—2024 Update (2024). Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 35(11), e14276.
[3] Nowak-Węgrzyn A. i in., Doustne próby prowokacji w diagnostyce alergii na białka mleka krowiego. Stanowisko Grupy Roboczej Sekcji Alergii Pokarmowej Polskiego Towarzystwa Gastroenterologii, Hepatologii i Żywienia Dzieci (PTGHiŻDz) (2015). Standardy Medyczne. Pediatria.
[4]  Barbaud A. et al., EAACI/ENDA position paper on drug provocation testing (2024). Allergy, 79(3), 565–579.

15–18 | Prof. Urszula Demkow: Test testowi nierówny. Co decyduje o wartości diagnostycznej badań z krwi?

[1] de Vos G., Skin testing versus serum-specific IgE testing: which is better for diagnosing aeroallergen sensitization and predicting clinical allergy? (2014). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 14(5), 430.
[2] Heinzerling L., Mari A., Bergmann K.-Ch., The skin prick test – European standards (2013). Clinical and Translational Allergy, 3(3).
[3] Emeryk A., Bartkowiak-Emeryk M., Jędrzejewski A., Alergiczne testy skórne punktowe  – w kierunku obiektywizacji oceny wyniku (2017). Alergia, 1, 10–12.
[4] Szmyd B., Biedrzycka M., Rogut M. et al., Porównanie efektywności diagnostycznej testów skórnych i pomiaru swoistych IgE w surowicy dla potwierdzania alergii na pokarmy i alergeny wziewne (2020). Alergia Astma Immunologia, 25(2), 104–110.
[5] Kowalski M.L., Ansotegui I., Aberer W. et al., Risk and safety requirements for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergology: World Allergy Organization Statement (2016). World Allergy Organization Journal, 9, 33.
[6] Thorpe M., Movérare R., Fischer Ch. et al., History and Utility of Specific IgE Cutoff Levels: What is the Relevance for Allergy Diagnosis? (2023). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 11(10), 3021–3029.
[7] Schroeder H.W.Jr., Cavacini L., Structure and function of immunoglobulins (2010). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(2, Suppl 2), S41–S52.
[8] Janeway Ch.A.Jr., Travers P., Walport M., Shlomchik M.J., Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Immunology. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition (2001). New York, Garland Science.
[9] Nowicka U., Disorders with elevated immunoglobulin E levels (2009). Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska: Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Ftyzjopneumonologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego i Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc, 77(6), 533–40.
[10] Majsiak E., Pawlaczyk M., Od odkrycia IgE poprzez nanotechnologię do medycyny spersonalizowanej (2019). Alergia, 4, 41–46.
[11] Eckl-Dorna J., Villazala-Merino S., Campion N.J. et al., Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients (2019). Cells, 8(9), 994.
[12] Bojarska-Junak A., Mach A., Oznaczanie alergenowo swoistych IgE (2013). Alergia, 2, 21–25.
[13] Goikoetxea M.J., Sanz M.L., García B.E., Recommendations for the use of in vitro methods to detect specific immunoglobulin E: are they comparable? (2013). Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology 23(7), 448–454.
[14] Grzywnowicz M., Majsiak M., Czynniki wpływające na wiarygodność oznaczenia IgE w diagnostyce serologicznej alergii (2014). Alergia, 3, 42–46.
[15] Hamilton R.G, Hemmer W., Nopp A., Kleine-Tebbe J., Advances in IgE Testing for Diagnosis of Allergic Disease (2020). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2495–2504.
[16] Demkow U., Charakterystyka testów służących do oznaczania asIgE (2022). Alergia, 1/91, 7–12.
[17] Sicherer S.H., Allen K., Lack G., Critical Issues in Food Allergy: A National Academies Consensus Report (2017). Pediatrics, 140(2), e20170194.
[18] Lambert C., Sarrat A., Bienvenu F. et al., The importance of EN ISO 15189 accreditation of allergen-specific IgE determination for reliable in vitro allergy diagnosis (2015). Allergy, 70(2), 180–186.
[19] Thorpe S.J., Heath A., Fox B. et al., The 3rd International Standard for serum IgE: international collaborative study to evaluate a candidate preparation (2014). Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 52(9), 1283–1289.
[20] Simerville J.A., Maxted W.C., Pahira J.J., Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review (2005). American Family Physician, 71(6), 1153–1162.
[21] Gnoth C., Johnson S., Strips of Hope: Accuracy of Home Pregnancy Tests and New Developments (2014). Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 74(7), 661–669.
[22] Evaluation of Detection Capability For Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures Approved Guideline-Second Edition. CLSI document EP17-A2 (2012). Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
[23] Michel J., Brockow K., Darsow U. et al., Added sensitivity of component-resolved diagnosis in hymenoptera venom-allergic patients with elevated serum tryptase and/or mastocytosis (2016). Allergy, 71, 651–60.
[24] Nilsson S.F., Lilja G., Järnbert-Pettersson H., Alm J., Relevance of low specific IgE levels to egg, milk and peanut in infancy. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 49(3), 308–316.
[25] Söderström L., Lilja G., Borres M.P., Nilsson C., An explorative study of low levels of allergen-specific IgE and clinical allergy symptoms during early childhood (2011). Allergy, 66(8), 1058–1064.
[26] Malby Schoos A.M., Møbius Hansen S., Rosenvinge Skov F. et al., Allergen Specificity in Specific IgE Cutoff (2020). JAMA Pediatrics, 174(10), 993−995.
[27] Riggioni C., Cichocka-Jarosz E., Jutel M. et al., EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy (2023). Allergy, 78(11), 3009−3044.
[28] Chen H., Jiang Q., Yang Y., Zhang W., Cross-Reacting Carbohydrate Determinants Inhibitor Can Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy in Pollen and Food Allergy (2022). Journal of Asthma and Allergy, 15, 713–725.
[29] Majsiak E., Grzywnowicz M., Buczyłko K., Krzyżowo reagujące determinanty węglowodanowe (CCD) i bloker CCD w diagnostyce alergii (2017). Alergia, 4, 24–27.
[30] Instrukcja obsługi dołączona do zestawu odczynników UniCAP.
[31] Instrukcja obsługi dołączona do zestawu testów Polycheck.
[32] Instrukcja obsługi dołączona do zestawu testów Euroline.
[33] Instrukcja użytkownika dołączona do zestawu testu ALEX®.

20–22 | Dr hab. Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska: Od alergenu do molekuły. Testy molekularne jako nowa jakość w diagnostyce alergii

[1] Liccardi G. et al., Direct and indirect exposure to horse: Risk for sensitization and asthma (2012). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 12, 429–437.
[2] De Weck A.L., Diagnostic approaches to allergy (1993). International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 101, 346–351.
[3] Portnoy J.M., Amado M., Evidence-based allergy diagnostic tests (2006). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 6, 455–461.
[4] Dramburg S. et al., EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide 2.0 (2023). Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 34, e13854.
[5] Thorpe M., Movérare R., Fischer C., Lidholm J., Rudengren M., Borres M.P., History and Utility of Specific IgE Cutoff levels: What is the Relevance for Allergy Diagnosis? (2023). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 11, 3021–3029.
[6] Rosada T., Lis K., Bartuzi Z., Grześk-Kaczyńska M., Ukleja-Sokołowska N., Diagnostics of Allergy to Furry Animals – Possibilities in 2024 (2024). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13, 3239.
[7] Weghofer M. et al., Identification of Der p 23, a peritrophin-like protein, as a new major Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen associated with the peritrophic matrix of mite fecal pellets (2013). Journal of Immunology, 190, 3059–3067.
[8] Santos N., Bartolome B., Delgado L., Placido J.L., Uncontrolled allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to pollen and a new oral allergy syndrome with fresh fruits: Should we take a top down or a bottom up approach? (2016). Allergy, 71, 375–376.
[9] Gusenkov S., Stutz H., Top-down and bottom-up characterization of nitrated birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a with CZE hyphenated to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (2018). Electrophoresis, 39, 1190–1200.
[10] Mugford M., Economic impact of allergy prevention (2006). In Allergy Matters: New Approaches to Allergy Prevention and Management. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 163–169.
[11] Matricardi P.M. et al., EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide (2016). Allergy, 71(9), 1541–1555.
[12] Sastre J., Molecular diagnosis in allergy (2010). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 40(10), 1442–1460.
[13] Valenta R., Lidholm J., Niederberger V., Hayek B., Kraft D., Grönlund H., Component-resolved diagnosis of allergies (2018). Current Opinion in Immunology, 54, 58–63.
[14] Barber D. et al., Molecular allergology and its impact in specific allergy management and immunotherapy decisions (2021). Allergy, 76(11), 3388–3402.
[15] Izmailovich M., Bogdanova E., Ilina N., Efimov G., Fedenko E., Molecular aspects of allergen-specific immunotherapy (2023). International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 184(12), 1157–1174.

26–30 | Marcelina Bartuzi-Lepczyńska: Testy na nietolerancje pokarmowe. Które wybierać, których unikać?

[1] Łoś-Rycharska E., Czerwionka-Szaflarska M., Alergia pokarmowa typu III (2013). Pediatria Polska, 88(3), 258–262.
[2] Małgorzewicz S., Wasilewska E., Diagnostyka niepożądanych reakcji na pokarm (2016). Forum Zaburzeń Metabolicznych, 7(2).
[3] Nowicka-Jasztal A., Bryl E., Nadwrażliwość na pokarmy – choroba XXI wieku? (2016).  Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej, 10(1).
[4] Waśniewska E. et al., Alergie i nietolerancje pokarmowe – rola diety eliminacyjnej (2021). Hygeia, 56(1), 1–13.
[5] Nowak M., Gulbicka P., Grzymisławski M., Wodorowe testy oddechowe jako narzędzie w diagnostyce schorzeń gastroenterologicznych (2015). Forum Zaburzeń Metabolicznych, 6(3).
[6] Kawalec M., Garbacz A., Dec M., Nietolerancja laktozy – przyczyny i diagnostyka. Wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu bromatologii, 58.
[7] Trzepizur M., Kudzin J., Toporowska-Kowalska E., Wodorowe testy oddechowe – metodyka, znaczenie w diagnostyce gastroenterologicznej (2017). Pediatria Polska, 92(6), 717–726.
[8] Lepczyńska-Bartuzi M., Ukleja-Sokołowska N., Zespół rozrostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego-kontrowersje i zalecenia (2024). Alergia Astma Immunologia, 29(2).
[9] Gugała A., Kurowski M., Kowalski M.L., Alergia na pokarmy w Polsce na tle innych krajów Europy – wyniki projektu EuroPrevall (2021). Alergia Astma Immunologia, 26(1).
[10] Ukleja-Sokołowska N. et al., Badania in vivo w diagnostyce alergii pokarmowej – wybrane aspekty praktyczne (2021). Alergia Astma Immunologia – Przegląd Kliniczny, 26(1), 10–17.
[11] Wilk I., Dobrzycka A., Celiakia – definicja, diagnoza, objawy i sposób leczenia (2020). Pielęgniarstwo, 255.
[12] Chorzelski T.P., Beutner E.H., Sulej J. et al., IgA class endomysiumantibodies (IgA-EMA) in dermatitis herpetiformis and celiacdisease (1983). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 420, 325–334.
[13] Mearin M.L., Agardh D., Antunes H. et al., Position Paper on Managementand Follow – Up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease (2022). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 75, 369–386.
[14] Husby S., Koletzko S., Korponay-Szabó I.R. et al., European Societyfor Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutritionguidelines for The Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease (2012). Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 54, 136–160.
[15] Bierła J.B., Szaflarska-Popławska A., Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U. et al., Diagnosis, Clinical Presentation and Management of Celiac Disease in Children and Adolescents in Poland (2024). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(3), 765.
[16] Cyba M., Oracz G., Bierła J., Diagnostyka celiakii w Polsce – na co diagnosta laboratoryjny powinien zwrócić szczególną uwagę? (2024). Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna, 60(2), 125–134.
[17] Stapel S.O. et al., Testing for IgG4 against foods is not recommended as a diagnostic tool: EAACI Task Force Report (2008). Allergy, 63(7), 793–796.
[18] Vandenplas Y. et al., Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (2021), 72(4), 594–615.
[19] American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI). Unproven methods in allergy diagnosis (2017).
[20] Niggemann B., Beyer K., Diagnostic pitfalls in food allergy in children (2005). Allergy 60(8), 1045–1050.
[21] Wüthrich B., Unproven techniques in allergy diagnosis (2005). Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 15(2), 86–90.
[22] Barrett S., Commercial hair analysis. Science or scam? (1985). JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 254 (8), 1041–1045.
[23] Hammond C., Lieberman J.A., Unproven Diagnostic Tests for Food Allergy (2018). Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 38(1), 153–163.
[24] Boyce J.A. et al., Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report (2011). Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 26(3).
[25] De Meij T.G. et al., Microbiota and food allergy (2013). Gut Microbes, 4(5), 406–413.
[26] Venter C., Meyer R., Non-IgE-mediated food allergy – evidence and approach (2010). Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 21(1), 8–16.
[27] Calvani M. et al., Oral Food Challenge (2019). Medicina (Kaunas), 55(10), 651.

32–34 | Alicja Wujkowska: Mocne kości bez mleka. Jak zadbać o wapń w diecie dziecka z alergią?

[1] Del Valle H. B., Yaktine A. L., Taylor C. L., Ross, A. C. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D (2011). The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
[2] Heaney R.P. Calcium. [W:] Coates P.M., Betz J.M., Blackman M.R., et al., Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2010). Informa Healthcare, London and New York, 101–106.
[3] Rychlik E., Stoś K., Woźniak A., Mojska H., Wapń [W:] Normy żywienia dla populacji Polski (2024). Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 255–259.[4] EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for calcium (2015). EFSA Journal, 13, 5, 4101.
[5] Kunachowicz H., Nadolna I., Przygoda B., Iwanow K., Tabele składu i wartości odżywczej żywności (2017). PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa.
[6] Salomon A., Regulska–Ilow B., Polskie butelkowane wody mineralne i lecznicze – charakterystyka i zastosowanie (2013). Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna, 1, 53–65.
[7] Bourassa M.W., Abrams, S.A., Belizán J.M. et al., Interventions to improve calcium intake through foods in populations with low intake (2022). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1511, 40–58.
[8] Pereira G.A., Genaro P.S., Pinheiro M.M., Szejnfeld V.L., Martini L.A., Dietary calcium: strategies to optimize intake (2009). Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 49, 164–171.

35–36| Natalia Gajek: Co się kryje w szpinaku?

[1] Wójcik-Stopczyńska B., Kiedos P., Wpływ zabiegów wstępnych na zawartość wybranych składników w zamrożonym szpinaku zwyczajnym (spinacia oleracea L.) odmiany ‘geant d’hiver’ (2019). Żywność. Nauka, Technologia, Jakość, 26(1), 45–55.
[2] Bylinowska J., Szpinak: nie tylko dla Popeye’a! Ty też jedz więcej szpinaku. Online: dietetycy.org [dostęp: 20.07.2023].
[3] Rudzki E., Uczulenie na szpinak. Online: Medycyna Praktyczna [dostęp: 20.07.2023].
[4] Spinach. Online: Allergome. The Platform for Allergen Knowledge [dostęp: 20.07.2023].
[5] Popescu F.D., Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens (2015). World Journal of Methodology, 26,5(2), 31–50.
[6] Rymarczyk B., Rogala B., Alergia pokarmowa (2018). Alergie w POZ. Alergologia – Kompendium, Termedia.
[7] Sybilski A.J., Alergia krzyżowa (2017). Online: Medycyna po Dyplomie.
[8] Buczyłko K., Nie tylko alergeny: Alternaria alternata (2016). Alergia, 4, 17–22.
[9] Buczyłko K., Nie tylko alergeny: nietolerancja histaminy (2016). Alergia, 1, 35–38.
[10] Bartuzi M., Ukleja-Sokołowska N., Nietolerancja salicylanów a współczesna dieta (2022). Alergologia Polska, 9(1), 41–48.
[11] Schuller A. et al., Occupational asthma due to allergy to spinach powder in a pasta factory (2005). Allergy, 60(3), 408–409.

37–38 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Palący problem, czyli uczulenie na cynamon

[1] Spence Ch., Cinnamon: The historic spice, medicinal uses, and flavour chemistry (2024). International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science
[2] Śpiewak R., Aldehyd cynamonowy. Online: Alergolog.eu.
[3] Mertens M. i in., Generalized systemic allergic dermatitis caused by Cinnamomum zeylanicum in a herbal tea (2017). Contact Dermatitis, 77, 250–267.
[4] Rudzki E., Cynamon (2004). Medycyna Praktyczna.
[5] Vargo R.J., Oral Lichenoid Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions To Cinnamon: A Report Of Three Cases (2022). American Academy of Oral Medicine Annual Conference.
[6] Wysocki P.T., Zespół pieczenia jamy ustnej (2017). Gastroenterologia Kliniczna, 9(1), 7–18.
[7] Tremblay S., Contact Allergy to Cinnamon: Case Report (2008). Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 74(5), 445–448.
[8] Bosmia A.N., Leon K.J., Lung injury and the cinnamon challenge: college students should beware this Internet dare (2015). Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 7(1), 41–42.
[9] Çolak Ç., Elibol E., Demir T., Kıvçak B., Overdose of Cinnamon Barks Is the Cause of Poisoning  in the Gediatric Patient: Case Report (2018). Journal of US-China Medical Science, 15, 26–28.

40–41 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Nasiona chia? Ostrożnie! Ryzyko alergii, reakcje krzyżowe

[1] Mróz M., Ratajczak A.E., Korek E., Potencjalne zagrożenia wynikające ze spożycia  wybranych produktów „superfoods” (2020). Alergia Astma Immunologia, 25(1), 24–27.
[2] Kulczyński B. in., The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds-Current State of Knowledge (2019). Nutrients, 11(6), 1242.
[3] Soller L. i in., Allergic reactions to emerging food allergens in Canadian children Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology (2021). Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 17, 71.
[4] García Jiménez S. i in., Allergen characterization of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica), a new allergenic food (2015). Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 25(1), 55–56.
[5] Tomas-Pérez M., Entrala A., Bartolomé B., Caballero M.L., Quirce S., Dermatitis Caused by Ingestion of Chia Seeds (2018). Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 28(1), 46–47.
[6] Albunni B.A., Wessels H., Paschke-Kratzin A., Fischer M., Antibody Cross-Reactivity between Proteins of Chia Seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) and Other Food Allergens (2019). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67(26), 7475–7484.
[7] EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens, Safety of the extension of use of partially defatted chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) powder with a high fibre content as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 (2023).
[8] The FASTER Act: Sesame Is the Ninth Major Food Allergen (2024). U.S. Food & Drug Administration.

42–44 | Dr hab. Piotr Dąbrowiecki: Czy możemy wyleczyć astmę? Nowe możliwości, nowa nadzieja

[1] 2023 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.
[2] Menzies-Gow A., Bafadhel M., W Busse W. et al., An expert consensus framework for asthma remission as a treatment goal (2020). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 145(3), 757–765.
[3] Menzies-Gow A., Flavia L. Hoyte, David B. Price Clinical Remission in Severe Asthma: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of the Patient Journey with Benralizumab (2022). Advances in Therapy, 39, 2065–2084.
[4] Rogala B., Kupczyk M., Bochenek G. i in., Stanowisko Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego i Polskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Płuc – terapia biologiczna astmy ciężkiej (2023). Alergologia Polska – Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(2), 77–99.
[5] Harrison T.W. et al., Prezentacja posterowa podczas Międzynarodowej Konferencji ATS 13–18 maja 2022 r., San Francisco, CA.
[6] Jackson D. et al., Prezentacja posterowa podczas Międzynarodowej Konferencji ATS 15 – 20 maja 2020 r., Filadelfia, PA, USA.
[7] A Study to Assess the Reduction of Daily Maintenance ICS/​LABA Treatment Towards Anti-Inflammatory Reliever Treatment in Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Treated With Benralizumab.
[8] Jackson D.J., Heaney L.G., Humbert M. et al.,Reduction of daily maintenance inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (SHAMAL): a randomised, multicentre, openlabel, phase 4 study (2024). Lancet, 403, 271–281.
[9] Corren J. et al., Tezepelumab Reduces Asthma Exacerbations in Patients with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma Regardless of Season. Presented at AAAI Annual Meeting, February 26–28 2022 Phoenix, AZ, USA, Poster 044.
[10] Diver S. et al., Effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammatory cells, remodelling, and hyperresponsiveness in patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma (CASCADE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (2021). The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 9(11), 1299 –1312.
[11] Comberiati P., Katial R.K., Covar R.A., Bronchoprovocation Testing in Asthma: An Update (2018). Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 38(4), 545–571.
[12] Dunican E.M., Watchorn D.C., Fahy J.V., Autopsy and Imaging Studies of Mucus in Asthma. Lessons Learned about Disease Mechanisms and the Role of Mucus in Airflow Obstruction (2018). Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15(Suppl 3), 184–191.
[13] Nordenmark L. et al., Tezepelumab reduces mucus plugging in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma: the phase 2 CASCADE study C. ALERT 4, RCT4445, ERS International Congress 2022, Barcelona, Spain, 4–6 September.
[14] Sweeney A., Sampath V., Nadeau K.C, Early intervention of atopic dermatitis as a preventive strategy for progression of food allergy (2021). Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 17(1), 30.
[15] Wang F. et al., A basophil-neuronal axis promotes itch (2021). Cell, 184(2), 422–440.
[16] Rabe K.F. et al., Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Glucocorticoid-Dependent Severe Asthma (2018). The New England Journal of Medicine, 378(26), 2475–2485.
[17] Kucharczyk A., Leczenie biologiczne w Alergologii (2022). Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa.

48–50 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Alergia na pleśnie. Czego nie jeść, co ograniczać, na co uważać?

[1] Gauld R., Walter G., Zhu R., Pollen food allergy syndrome secondary to molds and raw mushroom cross-reactivity: a case report (2024). Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 20(2).
[2] Kępińska J., Biel W., Zagrożenia związane z obecnością mikotoksyn w żywności (2020). Przemysł Spożywczy, 74, 24–28.
[3] Wiszniewska M., Alergia dróg oddechowych na grzyby pleśniowe uwarunkowana ekspozycją komunalną i zawodową: występowanie, czynniki ryzyka, obraz kliniczny. Rozprawa na stopień doktora nauk medycznych (2007). Łódź.
[4] Pleśń na jedzeniu. Czy musimy ją wyrzucać? (Czwórka do piątej/Czwórka). Z prof. Martą Wrzosek rozmawia Oliwia Krettek.
[5] Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous? United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. Food Safety Information (2013).
[6] Buczyłko K., Nie tylko alergeny: Alternaria alternata (2016). Alergia, 4, 17–22.
[7] Herrera-Mozo I., Ferrer B., Rodriguez-Sanchez J.L., Juarez C., Description of a Novel Panallergen of Cross-Reactivity between Moulds and Foods (2006). Immunological Investigations, 35, 181–197.
[8] Kulambil Padinjakara R.N., Ashawesh K., Patel V.,  Allergic reaction to blue cheese: Serendipity or actual causation? (2008). The New Zealand Medical Journal, 121(1283), 102–104.
[9] Lombardero M. i in., Role of Penicillium Molds in Three Cases of Food Allergy (2005). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Poster Session, 5207, 115(2), S247.
[10] Landeka V., Kurtagić H., Pažin J., Sarić E., Determination of honey quality in the context of physico-chemical and microbiological data in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021). Croatian Journal of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, 16(1–2), 202.
[11] Kiš M. i in., Identification of moulds from Croatian honey (2019). Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 11(6), 571–576.
[12] Panaszek B., Szmagierewski W., Źródła alergenów reagujących krzyżowo i ich znaczenie kliniczne (2010). Alergia, 4, 32–38.
[13] Lewicki P.P., Kiełki nasion jako źródło cennych składników odżywczych (2010). ŻYWNOŚĆ. Nauka. Technologia. Jakość, 6(73), 18–3.
[14] Tournas V.H., Moulds and yeasts in fresh and minimally processed vegetables, and sprouts (2005). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 99, 71–77.
[15] Clustered sensitivity to fungi: anaphylactic reactions caused by ingestive allergy to yeasts. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 97(3), 294–297.
[16] Marinelli L., Maggi O., Aurigemma C., Tufi D., Fresh vegetables and ready-to eat salads: phenotypic characterization of moulds and molecular characterization of yeasts (2012). Annali di Igiene: Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità, 24(4), 301–319.

51–52 | Dr Kamil Janeczek: O roztworach soli bez lania wody

[1] Kassel J.C., King D., Spurling G.K., Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections (2010). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD006821.
[2] Krajewska J., Preparaty OTC w pielęgnacji dróg oddechowych (2017). Lek w Polsce, 27(319), 18–27.
[3] Emeryk A., Emeryk-Maksymiuk J., Janeczek K., Jędrzejewski A.,  Hipertoniczne roztwory soli w terapii chorób dróg oddechowych (2020). Alergoprofil, 16(3), 10–17.
[4] Linssen R.S.N., Ma J., Bem R.A., Rubin B.K., Rational use of mucoactive medications to treat pediatric airway disease (2020). Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 36, 8–14.
[5] King D., Mitchell B., Williams C.P., Spurling G.K., Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections (2015). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD006821.
[6] Ramalingam S., Graham C., Dove J. et al., A pilot, open labelled, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for the common cold (2019). Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1015.
[7] Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B., Przewlekłe zapalenie zatok przynosowych u dzieci (2017). Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review, 6 (1), 26–34.
[8] Fokkens W.J. et al., European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (2020). Rhinology, 58(suppl S29), 1–464.
[9] Liu L. et al., Efficacy of nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline on chronic rhinosinusitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2020). Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 86(5), 639–646.
[10] Wang Y., Jin L., Liu S.X. et al., Role of nasal saline irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adults: A systematic analysis (2020). Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 48(4), 360–367.
[11] Di Berardino F., Zanetti D., D’Amato G., Nasal rinsing with an atomized spray improves mucociliary clearance and clinical symptoms during peak grass pollen season (2017). American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 31(1), 40–43.
[12] Sinha O.N., Deswal M., Comparing hypertonic saline and xylometazoline in allergic rhinitis (2015). International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3, 3620–3623.
[13] Lin J. et al., Exploring the appropriate dose of nebulized hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis: A dose-response meta-analysis (2022). Journal of Investigative Medicine, 70(1), 46–54.
[14] Jackowska T. et al., Roztwory soli w leczeniu wybranych chorób układu oddechowego u dzieci (2024). Przegląd Pediatryczny, 53(3), 98–106.

53–54 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Suchy kaszel w sezonie grzewczym. Jak sobie radzić?

[1] Piekarska B. i in., Building age, type of indoor heating and the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and asthma (2020). Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, XXXVII(1), 81–85.
[2] Sánchez P., Vélez-del-Burgo A., Suñén E., Martínez J., Postigo I., Fungal Allergen and Mold Allergy Diagnosis: Role and Relevance of Alternaria alternata Alt a 1 Protein Family (2022). Journal of Fungi, 8, 277.
[3] Samoliński B., Alergia na roztocze (2017). Alergia, 8.
[4] Domestic ventilation rates, indoor humidity and dust mite allergens: Are our homes causing the asthma pandemic? (2003). Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 24(3), 137–147.
[5] Pałczyński C., Sick building syndrome (2010). Alergia, 2, 24–27.
[6] Samoliński B. i in., ARIA 2019 – zintegrowana opieka w alergicznym nieżycie nosa – Polska (2019). Alergologia Polska – Polish Journal of Allergology, 6(4), 111–126.
[7] Wypych-Ślusarska A., Niewiadomska E., Głogowska-Ligus J., Asthma, bronchitis respiratory symptoms, allergies and  home environment: how are they related? (2022). Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, XXXIX(4), 729–738.
[8] Zeglinski M.R. i in., Soluble Wood Smoke Extract Promotes Barrier Dysfunction in Alveolar Epithelial Cells through a MAPK Signaling Pathway (2019). Scientific Reports, 9, 10027.
[9] Kołodziej B., Zimą objawy alergii mogą się nasilać (2022). Medycyna Praktyczna.
[10] Rapiejko P., Domowe sposoby unikania alergenów roztoczy kurzu domowego (2012). Medycyna Praktyczna.
[11] Menneer T., Mueller M., Sharpe R.A., Townley S., Modelling mould growth in domestic environments using relative humidity and temperaturę (2022). Building and Environment, 208, 108583.
[12] Wookey R., Bone A., Carmichael C., Crossley A., Minimum home temperature thresholds for health in winter – A systematic literature review (2014). Public Health England.

55–56 | Maria Cabaj: AZS i alergia na roztocze. Co było pierwsze?

[1] Kolb L., Ferrer-Bruker S.J., Atopic Dermatitis (2023). Online: StatPearls. National Library of Medicine.
[2] Atopic Dermatitis (2022). Online: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
[3] Yang G., Seok J.K., Kang H.C. et al., Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis (2020). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), 2867.
[4] Thyssen J.P., Halling A.S., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Guttman-Yassky E., Silverberg JI., Comorbidities of atopic dermatitis-what does the evidence say? (2023). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 151(5), 1155–1162.
[5] Bumbacea R.S., Corcea S.L., Ali S. et al., Mite allergy and atopic dermatitis: Is there a clear link? (Review) (2020). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(4), 3554–3560.
[6] Nedorost S., Hammond M., Art of prevention: Allergic sensitization through damaged skin: Atopic, occupational, and stasis dermatitis (2020). International Journal of Women’s Dermatology, 6(5), 381–383.
[7] Čelakovská J., Bukač J., Cermákova E. et al., Analysis of Results of Specific IgE in 100 Atopic Dermatitis Patients with the Use of Multiplex Examination ALEX2-Allergy Explorer (2021). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(10), 5286.
[8] Walsemann T., Böttger M., Traidl S. et al., Specific IgE against the house dust mite allergens Der p 5, 20 and 21 influences the phenotype and severity of atopic diseases (2023). Allergy, 78(3), 731–742.
[9] Scala E., Abeni D., Guerra E.C. et al., β-1,3-glucanase rOle e 9 and MnSOD rAsp f 6 IgE reactivity are the signature of atopic dermatitis in the Mediterranean area (2020). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 50(4), 487–498.
[10] Scala E., Madonna S., Abeni D. et al., A microarray-based IgE-molecular mimicry index (IgE-MMI): A biomarker for disease severity, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic response in atopic dermatitis? (2024). Allergy, 79(12), 3415–3429.
[11] Huang H.J., Sarzsinszky E., Vrtala S., House dust mite allergy: The importance of house dust mite allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy (2023). Molecular Immunology, 158, 54–67.
[12] Villalta D., Scala E., Asero R., Da Re M., Conte M., Buzzulini F., Evaluation and predictive value of IgE responses toward a comprehensive panel of house dust mite allergens using a new multiplex assay: a real-life experience on an Italian population (2022). Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol, 54(3), 117–122.
[13] Posa D., Hofmaier S., Arasi S., Matricardi P.M., Natural Evolution of IgE Responses to Mite Allergens and Relationship to Progression of Allergic Disease: A Review (2017). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 17(5), 28.
[14] Skalicka-Woźniak K., Metody profilaktyki antyroztoczowej (2022). Alergia, 13–16.
[15] Klain A., Senatore A.A., Licari A. et al., The Prevention of House Dust Mite Allergies in Pediatric Asthma (2024). Children (Basel), 11(4), 469.
[16] Werfel T., Heratizadeh A., Niebuhr M. et al., Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber (2015). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 136(1), 96–103.
[17] Fölster-Holst R., Galecka J., Weißmantel S. et al., Birch pollen influence the severity of atopic eczema – prospective clinical cohort pilot study and ex vivo penetration study (2015). Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 539–548.

58–59 | Prof. Krzysztof Buczyłko: Alergia na parabeny. Problem nie tylko kosmetyczny

[1] Pokorska P., Śpiewak R., Analiza składu kosmetyków rekomendowanych przez Polskie Towarzystwo Dermatologiczne oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Alergologiczne pod kątem występowania substancji o znanym potencjale uczulającym (2012). Alergologia Immunologia, 9(4), 227–232.
[2] Gibuła-Tarłowska E., Kędzierska E., Paradoks parabenowy, czyli zastosowanie estrów PHBA jako konserwantów w kosmetykach i lekach (2021). Aptekarz Polski (16/03/2021).
[3] Kręcisz B., Chomiczewska-Skóra D., Kieć-Świerczyńska M., Konserwanty jako istotne czynniki etiologiczne alergicznego kontaktowego zapalenia skóry (2015). Medycyna Praktyczna, 66(3), 327–332.
[4] Nunes I.G., Relvas M., Gonçalo M., Should Paraben Mix be removed from the European basic series (2021). Acta Dermatovenerol Croatia, 29(3), 171–17.

60 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Alergia na wełnę. Co o niej wiemy? Lanolina jako alergen

[1] Zallmann M., Debunking the Myth of Wool Allergy: Reviewing the Evidence for Immune and Non-immune Cutaneous Reactions (2017). Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 97(8), 906–915.
[2] Durska G., Czy spanie pod wełnianą kołdrą może powodować alergię? (2014). Medycyna Praktyczna.
[3] Śpiewak R., Alkohol lanoliny. Online: Alergolog.eu.
[4] Fowler J.F., Fowler L.M., Lorenz D., Effects of Merino Wool on Atopic Dermatitis Using Clinical, Quality of Life, and Physiological Outcome Measures (2019). Dermatitis, 30(3), 198–206.

62–63 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Balsam peruwiański. Więcej szkody niż pożytku?

[1] de Groot A.C., Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) – A critical review of the literature and assessment of the significance of positive patch test reactions and the usefulness of restrictive diets (2019). Contact Dermatitis, 80, 335–353.
[2] Śpiewak R., Myroxylon pereirae (balsam peruwiański). Online: Alergolog.eu.
[3] Guarneri F. i in., Myroxylon pereirae (Balsam of Peru): still worth testing? (2021). Contact Dermatitis, 85(6), 1–5.
[4] Avalos-Peralta P., Garcia-Bravo B., Camacho F.M., Sensitivity to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru). A study of 50 cases (2005). Contact Dermatitis, 52, 304–306.

64–66 | Prof. Katarzyna Plata-Nazar: Alergia ekstremalna. Fakty o anafilaksji

[1] Błażowski Ł., Cichocka-Jarosz E., Plata-Nazar K. i in., Anafilaksja u dzieci. Rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergicznego 2024 (2024). Przegląd Pediatryczny, 53(3), 1–20.
[2] Cardonaa V., Ansoteguib I.J., Ebisawac M. et al., World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidance (2020). World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(10), 100472.
[3] Abrams E.M., Alqurashi W., Fischer D.A., Vander Leek T.K., Ellis A.K., Anaphylaxis (2024). Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology, 20(62).
[4] Turner P.J., Campbell D.E., Motosue M.S., Campbell R.L., Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications (2020). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(4), 1169–1176.
[5] Höfer V., Dölle-Bierke S., Francuzik M. et al., Fatal and Near-Fatal Anaphylaxis: Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry and National Health Statistics (2024). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 12(1), 96–105, e8.
[6] Jahnz-Rożyk K., Raciborski F., Śliwczyński A.M., Kłak A., Pinkas J., Anaphylaxis in Poland: the epidemiology and direct costs (2017). Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, XXXIV(6), 573–579.
[7] Bond D.W., Zelda A., Lorelei A., Ida A., Comprehensive Clinical Applications of Epinephrine in Emergency Medicine (2024). Conference: Berlinda Journal Club.
[8] Whyte A.F., Soar J., Dodd A., Hughes A., Sargant N., Turner P.J., Emergency treatment of anaphylaxis: concise clinical guidance (2022). Clinical Medicine, 22(4), 332–339.

72–74 | Dr Kamil Janeczek: Wdech i wydech – czy to wystarczy? Wszystko o nebulizacji

[1] Krenke K., Jackowska T., Mazurek H., Plata-Naraz K., Janeczek K., Terapia nebulizacyjna budezonidem – czynniki decydujące o efekcie terapeutycznym (2024). Stanowisko ekspertów. Przegląd Pediatryczny, 53(3), 29–39.
[2] Emeryk A., Pirożyński M., Mazurek H. (red.), Polski Przewodnik Inhalacyjny (2024). Wydanie III. Gdańsk.
[3] Pirożyński M. (red.), Praktyczne aspekty nebulizacji (2013). Bielsko-Biała, Alfa Medica Press.
[4] Pritchard J.N., Hatley R.H., Denyer J., Hollen D.V., Mesh nebulizers have become the first choice for new nebulized pharmaceutical drug developments (2018). Therapeutic Delivery, 9(2), 121–136.
[5] Dunne R.B., Shortt S., Comparison of bronchodilator administration with vibrating mesh nebulizer and standard jet nebulizer in the emergency department (2018). The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 36(4), 641–646.
[6] Sosnowski T.R., Janeczek K., Emeryk A., Vilkotsky A.I., Zadrożny J., Nebulizator siateczkowy z komorą inhalacyjną – nowinka techniczna czy istotny postęp w nebulizacji? (2022). Terapia, 2(409), 64–68.

75 | Marcelina Bartuzi-Lepczyńska: Mit 1: Alergia u niemowlaka to efekt niewłaściwej diety matki

[1] Greer, F. R., Sicherer, S. H., Burks, A. W., & American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology. (2008). Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: The role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics, 121(1), 183–191.
[2] Netting, M. J., Middleton, P. F., & Makrides, M. (2017). Does maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation affect outcomes in offspring? A systematic review of food-based approaches. Nutrition, 39–40, 1–10.
[3] Muraro, A., Werfel, T., Beyer, K., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Cardona, V., Dubois, A. E., Eigenmann, P., et al. (2014). EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: Diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy, 69(8), 1008–1025.
[4] Wróblewska, B., et al. (2021). Postępowanie dietetyczne w alergii pokarmowej u dzieci. Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria, 18, 41–53.
[5] Du Toit, G., Roberts, G., Sayre, P. H., et al. (2015). Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 803–813.
[6] Oddy, W. H. (2017). Breastfeeding, childhood asthma, and allergic disease. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 70(2), 26–36.

76 | Marcelina Bartuzi-Lepczyńska: Mit 2: Wszystkie alergie pokarmowe ustępują do 3. roku życia

[1] Sicherer S.H., Sampson H.A., Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (2018). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 141(1), 41–58.
[2] Bartha I., Almulhem N., Santos A.F., Feast for thought: A comprehensive review of food allergy 2021–2023 (2024). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 53(3), 576–594.
[3] Skripak J.M., Matsui E.C., Mudd K., Wood R.A., The natural history of IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy (2007). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 120(5), 1172–1177.
[4] Nocerino R., Aquilone G., Stea S. et al., The Burden of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in the Pediatric Age: A Systematic Review of Costs and Challenges (2025). Healthcare (Basel), 13(8), 888.
[5] Peters R.L., Dharmage S.C., Gurrin L.C. et al., Natural history of peanut and egg allergy in children: HealthNuts study (2014). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(2), 584–591.
[6] Gallagher A., Delgado Mainar P., Cronin C. et al., Managing egg allergy: A systematic review of traditional allergen avoidance methods and emerging graded exposure strategies (2025). Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 36(4), e70075.
[7] Hill D.J., Hosking C.S., Zhie C.Y. et al., The natural history of soybean allergy in infants and children (2007). The Journal of Pediatrics, 151(5), 469–73.
[8] Lee E.C.K., Trogen B., Brady K., Ford L.S., Wang J., The Natural History and Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergies in Children and Adults (2024). Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 24(3), 121–131.
[9] Sicherer S.H., Wood R.A., Vickery B.P. et al., The natural history of peanut allergy (2014). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2(1), 65–71.
[10] Logan K., Bahnson H.T., Ylescupidez A. et al., Early introduction of peanut reduces peanut allergy across risk groups in pooled and causal inference analyses (2023). Allergy, 78(5), 1307–1318.
[11] Fleischer D.M., Conover-Walker M.K., Matsui E.C., Wood R.A., The natural history of tree nut allergy (2005). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 116(5), 1087–1093.
[12] Savage J.H., Matsui E.C., Skripak J.M., Wood R.A., The natural history of seafood allergy (2016). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 137(1), 261–267.
[13] Turner P.J., Gowland M.H., Sharma V. et al., Increase in sesame allergy presentations since 1990 (2016). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 138(5), 1368–1371.
[14] Sicherer S.H., Sampson H.A., Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (2018). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 141(1), 41–58.
[15] Prescott S.L., Pawankar R., Allen K.J. et al., A global survey of changing patterns of food allergy burden in children (2013). World Allergy Organization Journal, 6(1), 21.
[16] Wood R.A., Sicherer S.H., Vickery B.P. et al., The natural history of milk allergy in an observational cohort (2013). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 131(3), 805–812.
[17] Du Toit G., Roberts G., Sayre P.H. et al., Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy (2015). The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(9), 803–813.
[18] Strachan D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989). British Medical Journal, 299(6710), 1259–1260.

83–84 | Adam Krzeszowiec: Owady w mące. Nowa żywność zagrożeniem dla alergików?

[1] Rozporządzenie wykonawcze Komisji (UE) 2021/882 z dnia 1 czerwca 2021 r. zezwalające na wprowadzenie na rynek suszonych larw Tenebrio molitor jako nowej żywności zgodnie z rozporządzeniem Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2015/2283 oraz zmieniające rozporządzenie wykonawcze Komisji (UE) 2017/2470. Dz.U. L 194 z 2.6.2021, 16–20.
[2] Rozporządzenie wykonawcze 2023/5 zezwalające na wprowadzanie na rynek częściowo odtłuszczonego proszku z Acheta domesticus (świerszcza domowego) jako nowej żywności oraz zmieniające rozporządzenie wykonawcze (UE) 2017/2470. Dz.U.UE.L.2023.2.9.
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85–86 | Kwas hialuronowy a alergia. Co warto wiedzieć o zabiegach z użyciem wypełniaczy?

[1] Guo F., Xia Y., Wei Q., Zhuang J., Unveiling the Hidden Dangers: Massive Allergic Dermatitis After Hyaluronic Acid Injection (2024). Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17, 2117–2121.
[2] Bodin J., Aakre I., Alexander J. et al., Risk Assessment of Hyaluronic Acid in Food Supplements. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on nutrition, dietetic products and novel food of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (2023). Online: https://vkm.no/download/18.6e7666b2187eb18c9e45e014/1683710709924/Hyaluronsyre%20i%20kosttilskudd.pdf
[3] Kępa A., Zabiegi z zakresu medycyny estetycznej na okolice oczu – przegląd wybranych technik. cz. 1 (2015). Kosmetologia Estetyczna, 1(4), 75–80.
[4] Zegarska B., Ambroziak M., Ornatowska M., Barańska-Rybak W., Management of complications associated with the use of hyaluronic acid fillers. Recommendations of the Aesthetic Dermatology Section of the Polish Dermatological Society (2020). Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny, 107, 15–31.
[5] Bertlich M., Hartmann D., Freytag S., French L.E., Oppel E., Sensitization against medical hyaluronidase in patients with confirmed hypersensitivity against hymenoptera species and its clinical implications (2024). British Journal of Dermatology, 191(6), 1000–1007.
[6] Song Y.-K., Kim Y.-D., Kim J.-H., Acute allergic reaction caused by hyaluronidase used in the pain management: a case report and literature review (2014). Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 9, 174–178.
[7] Artzi O., Cohen J.L., Dover J., Suwanchinda A., Delayed Inflammatory Reactions to Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A Literature Review and Proposed Treatment Algorithm (2020). Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 13, 371–378.

87–88 | Czy można mieć alergię na kawę? Nieznane oblicze kofeiny

[1] Suphioglu C., Coffee Anyone? Are You at Risk of Allergy? (2012). International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 159(3), 213–215.
[2] Tomkowska E., Ponad połowa Polaków pijących kawę łączy ją z mlekiem. Czy nasze ulubione cappuccino jest zdrowe? (2024). Gazeta Wyborcza. Online: https://wyborcza.pl/TylkoZdrowie/7,137474,30660854,ponad-polowa-polakow-pijacych-kawe-laczy-ja-z-mlekiem-czy-nasze.html
[3] van Dam R.M., Hu F.B., Willett W.C., Coffee, Caffeine, and Health (2020), The New England Journal of Medicine, 383(4), 369–378.
[4] Wong Y.-Ch., Hsu W.-Ch., Wu T.-Ch., Huang Ch.-F., Effects of coffee intake on airway hypersensitivity and immunomodulation: an in vivo murine study (2023). Nutrition Research and Practice, 17(4), 631–640.
[5] Lin F. i in., Association of Coffee and Tea Consumption with the Risk of Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study from the UK Biobank (2022). Nutrients, 14(19), 4039.
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89–90 | Aleksandra Lipiec: Kurz, detergenty i… kichanie. Alergia a sprzątanie

[1] Magnano M., Silvani S., Vincenzi C., Nino M., Tosti A., Contact allergens and irritants in household washing and cleaning products. Contact Dermatitis 61(6), 337–341.
[2] Quirce S., Barranco P., Cleaning Agents and Asthma (2010). Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology 20(7), 542–550.
[3] Wijnhoven S.W.P. i in., Allergens in Consumer Products (2008). National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Netherlands). Online: https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320025001.pdf
[4] Nickmilder M., Carbonnelle S., Bernard A., House cleaning with chlorine bleach and the risks of allergic and respiratory diseases in children (2007). Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 18(1), 27–35.
[5] Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA), Guide for Reducing Allergens and Irritants in the Home. Online: https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/health/documents/healthy-places/healthy-homes/asthma/AAFA_Guide_Reduce_Allergens_Irritants_Home.pdf
[6] Hasan Arshad S., Czy ekspozycja na alergeny wewnątrzdomowe może mieć istotny wpływ na rozwój alergii oraz astmy (2010). Medycyna po Dyplomie, 19(11), 110–118.
[7] American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Cleaning Tips for Allergy and Asthma Sufferers (2020). Online: https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/cleaning-tips-for-allergy-and-asthma-sufferers
[8] Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Cleaning Chemicals and Your Health (2021). Online: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA_3569.pdf
[9] Rusinek-Prystupa E., Stosowanie detergentów w środkach codziennego użytku (2016). Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii, 97(2), 156–160.
[10] Kieć-Świerczyńska M., Alergiczne kontaktowe zapalenie skóry. Uczulenie na środki zapachowe (2009). Alergia, 4, 11–16.